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Junk (ship)
A junk is an ancient Chinese sailing ship design that is still in use today. Junks were developed during the Song Dynasty (960–1279)〔Crossley, Pamela Kyle, Daniel R. Headrick, Steven W. Hirsch, Lyman L. Johnson, and David Northrup. "Song Industries." The Earth and Its Peoples. By Richard W. Bulliet. 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. 279–80. Print.〕 and were used as seagoing vessels as early as the 2nd century AD. They evolved in the later dynasties, and were used throughout Asia for extensive ocean voyages. They were found, and in lesser numbers are still found, throughout South-East Asia and India, but primarily in China. Found more broadly today is a growing number of modern recreational junk-rigged sailboats.
The term ''junk'' may be used to cover many kinds of boat—ocean-going, cargo-carrying, pleasure boats, live-aboards. They vary greatly in size and there are significant regional variations in the type of rig, however they all employ fully battened sails.〔Julia Jones ''The Salt-stained book'', Golden Duck, 2011, p127〕
==Etymology==
The term ultimately stems from the Chinese ''chuán'' (, "boat; ship"), also based on and pronounced as () () in the Min Nan variant of Chinese, or ''zhōu'' (), the old word for a sailing vessel. It entered the English language in the 17th century through the Portuguese ''junco'' from the Javanese ''jong''.〔.〕 The modern Standard Chinese word for an ocean-going wooden cargo vessel is ''cáo'' ().〔http://www.zdic.net/zd/zi/ZdicE8Zdic89Zdic9A.htm〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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